Anxiety Disorders
Anxiety Disorders covers the spectrum—GAD, panic, social anxiety, specific phobias, and illness anxiety—through assessment, exposure-based psychotherapy, and careful pharmacology. This page focuses on what changes outcomes: functional targets, behavioural activation, and staged exposure with relapse-prevention built in. If you’re evaluating options like an anxiety conference, you’ll find stepwise care for first-line therapy, augmentation, and medication tapers, with adaptations for youth, perinatal, and older adults. We stress differential diagnosis with OCD, PTSD, bipolarity, and substance effects, and we show how to protect sleep and reduce avoidance so gains generalize beyond clinic visits.
Implementation requires precision and persistence. Exposure hierarchies, interoceptive exercises, and social tasks are paired with motivational supports and digital tools to sustain practice between sessions. Pharmacotherapy choices—SSRIs/SNRIs, buspirone, selected TCAs, and sparing, time-limited use of adjuncts—are sequenced around side-effect profiles and patient goals. We outline clinic workflows for group formats, brief protocols, and measurement-based care that visualizes progress and flags plateaus early. For OCD-spectrum specifics and protocol detail, see Exposure and Response Prevention, which deepens technique while this page keeps a transdiagnostic lens across anxiety subtypes.
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Assessment and formulation
- Clarify triggers, safety behaviours, and impairment across settings.
- Use GAD-7, PDSS, or SPIN to baseline and track change.
Exposure-based psychotherapy
- Design hierarchies with interoceptive and in-vivo tasks.
- Rehearse coping strategies and dropout prevention upfront.
Medication strategy
- Start SSRIs/SNRIs with gradual titration and review points.
- Avoid long-term sedatives; plan tapers and alternative adjuncts.
Sleep and activation
- Stabilize circadian routines and activity scheduling.
- Reassess anxiety after sleep improves to refine treatment.
Implementation and Special Topics
Group and brief protocols
Deliver efficient formats to expand access while maintaining fidelity.
Youth and school integration
Coordinate with families and educators for graded exposure and supports.
Perinatal considerations
Balance maternal/infant safety with untreated-illness risks.
Late-life adaptations
Adjust dosing, manage interactions, and address medical comorbidity.
Technology-enabled care
Leverage apps, SMS prompts, and tele-exposure with privacy safeguards.
Comorbidity management
Screen for SUD, depression, and PTSD; align care to reduce relapse.
Equity and access
Tailor materials for language and culture; address cost and transport barriers.
Quality and outcomes
Use dashboards to track symptoms, function, and adherence; iterate plans.
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