Adolescent Substance Use

Adolescent Substance Use addresses prevention, early identification, and treatment of alcohol, cannabis, nicotine/ENDS, stimulants, and prescription misuse during the teen years. This page translates evidence into practical steps—developmentally aware screening, risk stratification, and family-centred care—so teams can act before problems escalate. If you’re comparing events like an adolescent substance use conference, you’ll find guidance on building trust with teens, respecting confidentiality laws, and using motivational strategies that fit school and home realities. We distinguish substance-induced presentations from primary anxiety, depression, ADHD, and trauma, then map care pathways that combine brief interventions, skills work, and staged pharmacotherapy where indicated. Because social context drives risk, we integrate peer dynamics, online behaviour, and community factors into plans that are feasible for families and clinics.

Implementation hinges on accessible, low-threshold entry points. Primary care, school clinics, and emergency departments can embed youth-adapted SBIRT, naloxone distribution, and harm-reduction education while ensuring warm handoffs to same-week follow-ups. Family-based approaches (communication coaching, boundary setting, routines) amplify treatment effects and reduce relapse; sleep, circadian stability, and learning supports help maintain gains at school. When safety issues arise—overdose, polysubstance use, self-harm—teams stabilise first, then phase trauma-focused therapies as risk falls. Long-acting or abuse-deterrent formulations reduce diversion; digital supports and text follow-ups sustain engagement between visits. For continuity and community programming, see Youth Mental Health Services, which complements this page with coordinated school, paediatric, and family pathways.

Clinical Priorities for Teen Care

Developmental assessment and differential

  • Map onset, patterns, and triggers across home and school to separate substance effects from primary disorders.
  • Use multi-informant ratings and functional targets to confirm impairment across contexts.

Risk and safety management

  • Screen for overdose, self-harm, and intoxicated driving; address access to means.
  • Restore sleep and stabilize withdrawal before intensifying psychotherapy or medication.

Family partnership and confidentiality

  • Balance teen autonomy with caregiver involvement using clear consent and information-sharing plans.
  • Set shared goals, boundaries, and check-ins that reinforce behaviour change.

Medication and misuse risk

  • Prefer long-acting, lower-misuse options when indicated and titrate carefully.
  • Monitor vitals, growth, and interactions—especially with ADHD or mood medications.

Implementation Models and Real-World Tools

School mental health integration
Blend confidential screening, psychoeducation, and return-to-learn plans aligned with counsellors and teachers.

Youth-adapted SBIRT
Use brief motivational conversations in paediatrics, ED, and school clinics; secure same-week follow-ups.

Family-based therapies
Deploy MDFT/FBT elements to reduce conflict, improve monitoring, and build coping skills at home.

Harm-reduction for teens
Provide naloxone, safer-use education, and drug-alert literacy; connect to rapid care pathways.

Peer and digital supports
Offer moderated groups, skills apps, and text reminders with privacy safeguards and escalation rules.

Equity and access
Address transport, cost, and connectivity barriers; tailor materials for language and literacy.

Transitions of care
Plan moves between inpatient/PHP/IOP/outpatient so teens don’t drop out during handoffs.

Measurement and outcomes
Track attendance, cravings, school performance, mood, and quality of life; use dashboards for QI.

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